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Alzheimer's Disease Contributions by ritasharma

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  1. Greene CM, Fernandez ML.The role of nutrition in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women of the developed world. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(1):1-9.
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  1. Fisman M, Mersky H, Helmes E. Double-blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiaty. 1981;138:970-972.
  1. Ballard CG, O'Brien JT, Reichelt K, et al. Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:553-558.
  1. Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, et al. Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17:305-308.
  1. Calvani M, Carta A, Caruso G, et al. Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;663:483-486.
  1. Cipolli C, Chiari G. Effects of L-acetylcarnitine on mental deterioration in the aged: initial results [in Italian; English abstract]. Clin Ther. 1990;132(suppl 6):479-509.
  1. Passeri M, Cucinotta D, Bonati, PA, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1990;10:75-79.
  1. Salvioli G, Neri M. L-acetylcarnitine treatment of mental decline in the elderly. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1994;20:169-176.
  1. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1991;41:1726-1732.
  1. Vecchi GP, Chiari G, Cipolli C, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment of mental impairment in the elderly: evidence from a multicenter study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1991;2(suppl 2):159-168.
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1996;47:705-711.
  1. Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl-levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1992;49:1137-1141.
  1. Campi N, Todeschini GP, Scarzella L. Selegiline versus L-acetylcarnitine in the treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia. Clin Ther. 1990;12:306-314.
  1. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin. 1990;11:638-647.
  1. Bonavita E. Study of the efficacy and tolerability of L-acetylcarnitine therapy in the senile brain. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986;24:511-516.
  1. Thal LJ, Calvani M, Amato A, et al. A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD. Neurology. 2000;55:805-810.
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1996;47:705-711.
  1. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1216-1222.
  1. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:863-866.
  1. Bilikiewicz A, Gaus W. Colostrinin (a naturally occurring, proline-rich, polypeptide mixture) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2004;6:17-26.
  1. Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M, et al. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med. 2005 April 13. [Epub ahead of print]
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  1. Freund-Levi YF, Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M, Cederholm T, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD Study. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1402-1408.
  1. Kang JH, Cook N, Manson J, et al. A randomized trial of vitamin E supplementation and cognitive function in women. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2462-2468.
  1. Napryeyenko O, Borzenko I. Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57:4-11.
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  1. Sun Y, Lu CJ, Chien KL, et al. Efficacy of multivitamin supplementation containing vitamins B(6) and B(12) and folic acid as adjunctive treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in taiwanese patients. Clin Ther. 2007;29:2204-2214.
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  1. Li J, Wu HM, Zhou RL, Liu GJ, Dong BR. Huperzine A for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008;(2):CD005592.
  1. Riemersma-van der Lek RF, Swaab DF, Twisk J, et al. Effect of bright light and melatonin on cognitive and noncognitive function in elderly residents of group care facilities: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299:2642-2655.
  1. McCarney R, Fisher P, Iliffe S, et al. Ginkgo biloba for mild to moderate dementia in a community setting: a pragmatic, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Jun 9.
  1. Jia X, McNeill G, Avenell A. Does taking vitamin, mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2008;21:317-336.
  1. Aisen PS, Schneider LS, Sano M, et al. High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;300:1774-1783.
... (more)
  1. Vitamin E: One study found that vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease, but another did not.66,72 A very large study failed to find that use of vitamin E reduced risk of general mental decline (whether caused by Alzheimer’s or not) in women over 65.75
  1. N-acetylcysteine (NAC): Very preliminary evidence suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) might also be helpful for slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.67
  1. Colistrinin: substance derived from colostrum, has shown some promise for treatment of Alzheimer's.71

These supplements have also been suggested as treatments for Alzheimer's disease. However, as yet there is limited clinical study to support their use.

  1. Bee pollen
  1. Carnosine
  1. Citrulline
  1. DMAE42,50
  1. Inositol
  1. Magnesium
  1. Pregnenolone
  1. Vitamin B1
  1. Zinc
  1. B-Vitamins: Elevated blood levels of the substance homocysteine have been suggested as a contributor to Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. However, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study failed to find that homocysteine-lowering treatment using B-vitamins was helpful for multi-infarct dementia.73 Similarly, two studies failed to find benefits in people with Alzheimer’s disease.81,88 In another study, a mixture of B-vitamins did not improve quality of life in people with mild cognitive impairment of various causes.78
  1. DHEA: Early reports suggested that declining levels of the hormone DHEA cause impaired mental function in the elderly. On this basis, DHEA has been promoted as a cognition-enhancing supplement. However, the one double-blind study that tested DHEA for Alzheimer's disease found little to no benefit.16,17
  1. Fish Oil: Studies of fish oil have failed to find it helpful for Alzheimer's disease, whether for delaying its onset, slowing its progression, or improving its symptoms.74,77,87
... (more)
  1. Vitamin E: One study found that vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease, but another did not.66,72 A very large study failed to find that use of vitamin E reduced risk of general mental decline (whether caused by Alzheimer’s or not) in women over 65.75
  1. N-acetylcysteine (NAC): Very preliminary evidence suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) might also be helpful for slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.67
  1. Colistrinin: substance derived from colostrum, has shown some promise for treatment of Alzheimer's.71

These supplements have also been suggested as treatments for Alzheimer's disease. However, as yet there is limited clinical study to support their use.

  1. Bee pollen
  1. Carnosine
  1. Citrulline
  1. DMAE42,50
  1. Inositol
  1. Magnesium
  1. Pregnenolone
  1. Vitamin B1
  1. Zinc
  1. B-Vitamins: Elevated blood levels of the substance homocysteine have been suggested as a contributor to Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. However, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study failed to find that homocysteine-lowering treatment using B-vitamins was helpful for multi-infarct dementia.73 Similarly, two studies failed to find benefits in people with Alzheimer’s disease.81,88 In another study, a mixture of B-vitamins did not improve quality of life in people with mild cognitive impairment of various causes.78
  1. DHEA: Early reports suggested that declining levels of the hormone DHEA cause impaired mental function in the elderly. On this basis, DHEA has been promoted as a cognition-enhancing supplement. However, the one double-blind study that tested DHEA for Alzheimer's disease found little to no benefit.16,17
  1. Fish Oil: Studies of fish oil have failed to find it helpful for Alzheimer's disease, whether for delaying its onset, slowing its progression, or improving its symptoms.74,77,87
... (more)

Acetyl-L-Carnitine is a substance used by the body uses to turn fat into energy. In theory, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, in theory, could improve the ability of certain tissues to produce energy, including brain tissue that is impacted in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

... (more)

Melatonin is a natural hormone that regulates sleep. At night, the pineal gland stops producing serotonin and instead makes melatonin. This melatonin release helps trigger sleep. Studies have shown that melatonin, along with light therapy (exposure to bright light during daylight hours) may help Alzheimer's patients with quality of sleep and mood.

... (more)

The combination of melatonin and light therapy (bright light exposure during daylight hours) has shown to improve both mood and quality of sleep, which can be significant part of Alzheimer's symptoms.

... (more)

In a sizable Danish trial, researchers investigated the effects of melatonin and light therapy (bright light exposure during daylight hours) on mood, sleep, and cognitive decline in elderly patients, most of whom suffered from dementia.85 They found that melatonin 2.5 mg, given nightly for an average of 15 months, slightly improved quality of sleep, but it worsened mood. Melatonin apparently had no significant effect on cognition. On the other hand, light therapy alone slightly decreased cognitive and functional decline and improved mood. Combining melatonin with light therapy improved mood and quality of sleep.

... (more)

The combination of melatonin and light therapy (bright light exposure during daylight hours) has shown to improve both mood and quality of sleep, which can be significant part of Alzheimer's symptoms.

... (more)
Edited Alzheimer's Care Plan: Overview 14 years ago

If you are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important that you and your family members begin to make plans and decisions as soon as possible regarding your future care and treatment. You may eventually begin to lose the ability to do some tasks for yourself and will need a caregiver to help you. This caregiver may be a family member, friend, or hired health professional.

In the vast majority of cases, the primary responsibility for the care of patients with AD falls on a family member, usually a spouse. Over time, as the condition progresses, the spouse caregiver will find it more and more difficult to meet the needs of his or her loved one without additional help. Eventually, care becomes so burdensome that placement in a nursing home may become necessary.

A study of spouse caregivers of patients with AD showed the value of caregiver support. Nursing home admissions were delayed in those spouses receiving counseling, encouragement of weekly support group participation, and the availability of telephone counseling at any time.

Lifestyle changes that can help you function as the disease progresses fall into two categories:

  • Planning for future caregiving and treatment
  • Managing symptoms and behavior

Planning Future Caregiving and Treatment

As a person with Alzheimer’s disease, your abilities will gradually decline. You will be unable to address planning, caregiving, and treatment issues. The following guidelines apply to you, as long as you are able to be involved in planning, and to your family and caregiver. Legal and Financial Planning

Legal and financial planning should be done as soon as possible after diagnosis. Rely on trusted financial and legal advisers to set your affairs in order.

Healthcare Planning

As the disease advances, you may not be able to make assessments about treatment and other healthcare issues. It is important to make your wishes known to your family and doctor early. In addition, choose a healthcare proxy (someone you trust to make health decisions for you when you are unable to do so yourself) and/or complete a living will.

Day-to-Day Care

A study found that cognitive function and brain efficiency may be improved by simple lifestyle changes such as:

Researchers hypothesize that such improvements may delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps even lower the risk of developing the disease. Talk to your doctor about how you can incorporate these changes into your routine.

As the disease progresses, though, your moods, capabilities, and behavior will change. That is why it is important for you to make make arrangements for daily care, learn how to adapt your home environment for safety, and research available community services. These steps, when done early, will help make the transition smoother for you and your caregiver Healthcare Providers and Facilities

Although healthcare facilities may not be needed immediately, it is important to research your options. This way, you or your caregiver can find a place that matches your philosophy of care, location, and financial capacity.

Managing Alzheimer’s Symptoms and Behavior

As the disease progress, your abilities will decline, leaving you unable to address a number of issues on your own. Thus, the following general guidelines are directed toward families and caregivers. Create a Calm Environment

People with Alzheimer’s disease may become agitated and disoriented as the condition worsens. Therefore, keeping the home environment consistent, quiet, and restful is important in preventing and alleviating possible triggers of agitation. Some methods to create a calm environment include:

  • Develop a daily routine
  • Keeping noise levels to a minimum
  • Maintaining consistent placement of furniture and familiar objects
  • Providing a well-lit environment during the day
  • Providing orientation cues in and around the house (clocks, calendars, phone list with names, appointment diary, meal schedule)
  • Limiting caffeine intake
  • Providing opportunity for exercise
  • Developing soothing rituals
  • Encouraging close family and friends to visit

Adapt Home Environment for Safety

It will be very important to adapt the home for personal safety to prevent injury to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. There are many organizations that can provide detailed information on how the home may be adapted. Home safety changes include:

  • Installing locks on cabinets containing medicines, alcohol, guns, or toxic substances
  • Removing electrical appliances from the bathroom to prevent shocks
  • Installing grab rails to avoid falls
  • Removing throw rugs to prevent falls
  • Setting water temperature to 120°F or lower to avoid scalding
  • Ensuring proper lighting

Monitor Personal Comfort

People with advanced stages of the disease will not be able to take care of their own hygiene and personal comfort needs. Caregivers will need to frequently monitor:

  • Hunger and thirst
  • Emotional state (especially looking for signs of depression)
  • Constipation
  • Full bladder
  • Fatigue
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • Immobility
  • Skin irritation

Use Memory Aids

Memory aids may be very useful in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and may allow a person with Alzheimer’s disease to remain independent longer. Some examples include:

  • Writing out a list of the day’s activities
  • Posting instructions on how to do simple tasks, such as using the telephone
  • Writing out important phone numbers, and keeping them in one or more familiar places
  • Writing out the address and directions to the home and keeping them in a wallet at all times
... (more)
Edited Alzheimer's Care Plan: Overview 14 years ago

If you are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important that you and your family members begin to make plans and decisions as soon as possible regarding your future care and treatment. You may eventually begin to lose the ability to do some tasks for yourself and will need a caregiver to help you. This caregiver may be a family member, friend, or hired health professional.

In the vast majority of cases, the primary responsibility for the care of patients with AD falls on a family member, usually a spouse. Over time, as the condition progresses, the spouse caregiver will find it more and more difficult to meet the needs of his or her loved one without additional help. Eventually, care becomes so burdensome that placement in a nursing home may become necessary.

A study of spouse caregivers of patients with AD showed the value of caregiver support. Nursing home admissions were delayed in those spouses receiving counseling, encouragement of weekly support group participation, and the availability of telephone counseling at any time.

Lifestyle changes that can help you function as the disease progresses fall into two categories:

  • Planning for future caregiving and treatment
  • Managing symptoms and behavior

Planning Future Caregiving and Treatment

As a person with Alzheimer’s disease, your abilities will gradually decline. You will be unable to address planning, caregiving, and treatment issues. The following guidelines apply to you, as long as you are able to be involved in planning, and to your family and caregiver. Legal and Financial Planning

Legal and financial planning should be done as soon as possible after diagnosis. Rely on trusted financial and legal advisers to set your affairs in order.

Healthcare Planning

As the disease advances, you may not be able to make assessments about treatment and other healthcare issues. It is important to make your wishes known to your family and doctor early. In addition, choose a healthcare proxy (someone you trust to make health decisions for you when you are unable to do so yourself) and/or complete a living will.

Day-to-Day Care

A study found that cognitive function and brain efficiency may be improved by simple lifestyle changes such as:

Researchers hypothesize that such improvements may delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps even lower the risk of developing the disease. Talk to your doctor about how you can incorporate these changes into your routine.

As the disease progresses, though, your moods, capabilities, and behavior will change. That is why it is important for you to make make arrangements for daily care, learn how to adapt your home environment for safety, and research available community services. These steps, when done early, will help make the transition smoother for you and your caregiver Healthcare Providers and Facilities

Although healthcare facilities may not be needed immediately, it is important to research your options. This way, you or your caregiver can find a place that matches your philosophy of care, location, and financial capacity.

Managing Alzheimer’s Symptoms and Behavior

As the disease progress, your abilities will decline, leaving you unable to address a number of issues on your own. Thus, the following general guidelines are directed toward families and caregivers. Create a Calm Environment

People with Alzheimer’s disease may become agitated and disoriented as the condition worsens. Therefore, keeping the home environment consistent, quiet, and restful is important in preventing and alleviating possible triggers of agitation. Some methods to create a calm environment include:

  • Develop a daily routine
  • Keeping noise levels to a minimum
  • Maintaining consistent placement of furniture and familiar objects
  • Providing a well-lit environment during the day
  • Providing orientation cues in and around the house (clocks, calendars, phone list with names, appointment diary, meal schedule)
  • Limiting caffeine intake
  • Providing opportunity for exercise
  • Developing soothing rituals
  • Encouraging close family and friends to visit

Adapt Home Environment for Safety

It will be very important to adapt the home for personal safety to prevent injury to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. There are many organizations that can provide detailed information on how the home may be adapted. Home safety changes include:

  • Installing locks on cabinets containing medicines, alcohol, guns, or toxic substances
  • Removing electrical appliances from the bathroom to prevent shocks
  • Installing grab rails to avoid falls
  • Removing throw rugs to prevent falls
  • Setting water temperature to 120°F or lower to avoid scalding
  • Ensuring proper lighting

Monitor Personal Comfort

People with advanced stages of the disease will not be able to take care of their own hygiene and personal comfort needs. Caregivers will need to frequently monitor:

  • Hunger and thirst
  • Emotional state (especially looking for signs of depression)
  • Constipation
  • Full bladder
  • Fatigue
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • Immobility
  • Skin irritation

Use Memory Aids

Memory aids may be very useful in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and may allow a person with Alzheimer’s disease to remain independent longer. Some examples include:

  • Writing out a list of the day’s activities
  • Posting instructions on how to do simple tasks, such as using the telephone
  • Writing out important phone numbers, and keeping them in one or more familiar places
  • Writing out the address and directions to the home and keeping them in a wallet at all times
... (more)
Edited Alzheimer's Care Plan: Overview 14 years ago

Enter section content...

If you are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important that you and your family members begin to make plans and decisions as soon as possible regarding your future care and treatment. You may eventually begin to lose the ability to do some tasks for yourself and will need a caregiver to help you. This caregiver may be a family member, friend, or hired health professional.

In the vast majority of cases, the primary responsibility for the care of patients with AD falls on a family member, usually a spouse. Over time, as the condition progresses, the spouse caregiver will find it more and more difficult to meet the needs of his or her loved one without additional help. Eventually, care becomes so burdensome that placement in a nursing home may become necessary.

A study of spouse caregivers of patients with AD showed the value of caregiver support. Nursing home admissions were delayed in those spouses receiving counseling, encouragement of weekly support group participation, and the availability of telephone counseling at any time.

Lifestyle changes that can help you function as the disease progresses fall into two categories:

  • Planning for future caregiving and treatment
  • Managing symptoms and behavior

Planning Future Caregiving and Treatment

As a person with Alzheimer’s disease, your abilities will gradually decline. You will be unable to address planning, caregiving, and treatment issues. The following guidelines apply to you, as long as you are able to be involved in planning, and to your family and caregiver. Legal and Financial Planning

Legal and financial planning should be done as soon as possible after diagnosis. Rely on trusted financial and legal advisers to set your affairs in order.

Healthcare Planning

As the disease advances, you may not be able to make assessments about treatment and other healthcare issues. It is important to make your wishes known to your family and doctor early. In addition, choose a healthcare proxy (someone you trust to make health decisions for you when you are unable to do so yourself) and/or complete a living will.

Day-to-Day Care

A study found that cognitive function and brain efficiency may be improved by simple lifestyle changes such as:

Researchers hypothesize that such improvements may delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps even lower the risk of developing the disease. Talk to your doctor about how you can incorporate these changes into your routine.

As the disease progresses, though, your moods, capabilities, and behavior will change. That is why it is important for you to make make arrangements for daily care, learn how to adapt your home environment for safety, and research available community services. These steps, when done early, will help make the transition smoother for you and your caregiver Healthcare Providers and Facilities

Although healthcare facilities may not be needed immediately, it is important to research your options. This way, you or your caregiver can find a place that matches your philosophy of care, location, and financial capacity.

Managing Alzheimer’s Symptoms and Behavior

As the disease progress, your abilities will decline, leaving you unable to address a number of issues on your own. Thus, the following general guidelines are directed toward families and caregivers. Create a Calm Environment

People with Alzheimer’s disease may become agitated and disoriented as the condition worsens. Therefore, keeping the home environment consistent, quiet, and restful is important in preventing and alleviating possible triggers of agitation. Some methods to create a calm environment include:

  • Develop a daily routine
  • Keeping noise levels to a minimum
  • Maintaining consistent placement of furniture and familiar objects
  • Providing a well-lit environment during the day
  • Providing orientation cues in and around the house (clocks, calendars, phone list with names, appointment diary, meal schedule)
  • Limiting caffeine intake
  • Providing opportunity for exercise
  • Developing soothing rituals
  • Encouraging close family and friends to visit

Adapt Home Environment for Safety

It will be very important to adapt the home for personal safety to prevent injury to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. There are many organizations that can provide detailed information on how the home may be adapted. Home safety changes include:

  • Installing locks on cabinets containing medicines, alcohol, guns, or toxic substances
  • Removing electrical appliances from the bathroom to prevent shocks
  • Installing grab rails to avoid falls
  • Removing throw rugs to prevent falls
  • Setting water temperature to 120°F or lower to avoid scalding
  • Ensuring proper lighting

Monitor Personal Comfort

People with advanced stages of the disease will not be able to take care of their own hygiene and personal comfort needs. Caregivers will need to frequently monitor:

  • Hunger and thirst
  • Emotional state (especially looking for signs of depression)
  • Constipation
  • Full bladder
  • Fatigue
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • Immobility
  • Skin irritation

Use Memory Aids

Memory aids may be very useful in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and may allow a person with Alzheimer’s disease to remain independent longer. Some examples include:

  • Writing out a list of the day’s activities
  • Posting instructions on how to do simple tasks, such as using the telephone
  • Writing out important phone numbers, and keeping them in one or more familiar places
  • Writing out the address and directions to the home and keeping them in a wallet at all times
... (more)

If you are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important that you and your family members begin to make plans and decisions as soon as possible regarding your future care and treatment. You may eventually begin to lose the ability to do some tasks for yourself and will need a caregiver to help you. This caregiver may be a family member, friend, or hired health professional.

In the vast majority of cases, the primary responsibility for the care of patients with AD falls on a family member, usually a spouse. Over time, as the condition progresses, the spouse caregiver will find it more and more difficult to meet the needs of his or her loved one without additional help. Eventually, care becomes so burdensome that placement in a nursing home may become necessary.

A study of spouse caregivers of patients with AD showed the value of caregiver support. Nursing home admissions were delayed in those spouses receiving counseling, encouragement of weekly support group participation, and the availability of telephone counseling at any time.

Lifestyle changes that can help you function as the disease progresses fall into two categories:

  • Planning for future caregiving and treatment
  • Managing symptoms and behavior

Planning Future Caregiving and Treatment

As a person with Alzheimer’s disease, your abilities will gradually decline. You will be unable to address planning, caregiving, and treatment issues. The following guidelines apply to you, as long as you are able to be involved in planning, and to your family and caregiver. Legal and Financial Planning

Legal and financial planning should be done as soon as possible after diagnosis. Rely on trusted financial and legal advisers to set your affairs in order.

Healthcare Planning

As the disease advances, you may not be able to make assessments about treatment and other healthcare issues. It is important to make your wishes known to your family and doctor early. In addition, choose a healthcare proxy (someone you trust to make health decisions for you when you are unable to do so yourself) and/or complete a living will.

Day-to-Day Care

A study found that cognitive function and brain efficiency may be improved by simple lifestyle changes such as:

  • Healthy eating (eg, five small, well-balanced meals per day)
  • Exercise (eg, daily walks)
  • Stress reduction techniques (eg, relaxation exercises, such as meditation)
  • Memory exercises (eg, doing crossword puzzles and brainteasers)

Researchers hypothesize that such improvements may delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps even lower the risk of developing the disease. Talk to your doctor about how you can incorporate these changes into your routine.

As the disease progresses, though, your moods, capabilities, and behavior will change. That is why it is important for you to make make arrangements for daily care, learn how to adapt your home environment for safety, and research available community services. These steps, when done early, will help make the transition smoother for you and your caregiver Healthcare Providers and Facilities

Although healthcare facilities may not be needed immediately, it is important to research your options. This way, you or your caregiver can find a place that matches your philosophy of care, location, and financial capacity.

Managing Alzheimer’s Symptoms and Behavior

As the disease progress, your abilities will decline, leaving you unable to address a number of issues on your own. Thus, the following general guidelines are directed toward families and caregivers. Create a Calm Environment

People with Alzheimer’s disease may become agitated and disoriented as the condition worsens. Therefore, keeping the home environment consistent, quiet, and restful is important in preventing and alleviating possible triggers of agitation. Some methods to create a calm environment include:

  • Develop a daily routine
  • Keeping noise levels to a minimum
  • Maintaining consistent placement of furniture and familiar objects
  • Providing a well-lit environment during the day
  • Providing orientation cues in and around the house (clocks, calendars, phone list with names, appointment diary, meal schedule)
  • Limiting caffeine intake
  • Providing opportunity for exercise
  • Developing soothing rituals
  • Encouraging close family and friends to visit

Adapt Home Environment for Safety

It will be very important to adapt the home for personal safety to prevent injury to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. There are many organizations that can provide detailed information on how the home may be adapted. Home safety changes include:

  • Installing locks on cabinets containing medicines, alcohol, guns, or toxic substances
  • Removing electrical appliances from the bathroom to prevent shocks
  • Installing grab rails to avoid falls
  • Removing throw rugs to prevent falls
  • Setting water temperature to 120°F or lower to avoid scalding
  • Ensuring proper lighting

Monitor Personal Comfort

People with advanced stages of the disease will not be able to take care of their own hygiene and personal comfort needs. Caregivers will need to frequently monitor:

  • Hunger and thirst
  • Emotional state (especially looking for signs of depression)
  • Constipation
  • Full bladder
  • Fatigue
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • Immobility
  • Skin irritation

Use Memory Aids

Memory aids may be very useful in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and may allow a person with Alzheimer’s disease to remain independent longer. Some examples include:

  • Writing out a list of the day’s activities
  • Posting instructions on how to do simple tasks, such as using the telephone
  • Writing out important phone numbers, and keeping them in one or more familiar places
  • Writing out the address and directions to the home and keeping them in a wallet at all times
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Edited Alzheimer's Care Plan: Overview 14 years ago

If you are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important that you and your family members begin to make plans and decisions as soon as possible regarding your future care and treatment. You may eventually begin to lose the ability to do some tasks for yourself and will need a caregiver to help you. This caregiver may be a family member, friend, or hired health professional.

In the vast majority of cases, the primary responsibility for the care of patients with AD falls on a family member, usually a spouse. Over time, as the condition progresses, the spouse caregiver will find it more and more difficult to meet the needs of his or her loved one without additional help. Eventually, care becomes so burdensome that placement in a nursing home may become necessary.

A study of spouse caregivers of patients with AD showed the value of caregiver support. Nursing home admissions were delayed in those spouses receiving counseling, encouragement of weekly support group participation, and the availability of telephone counseling at any time.

Lifestyle changes that can help you function as the disease progresses fall into two categories:

  • Planning for future caregiving and treatment
  • Managing symptoms and behavior

Planning Future Caregiving and Treatment

As a person with Alzheimer’s disease, your abilities will gradually decline. You will be unable to address planning, caregiving, and treatment issues. The following guidelines apply to you, as long as you are able to be involved in planning, and to your family and caregiver. Legal and Financial Planning

Legal and financial planning should be done as soon as possible after diagnosis. Rely on trusted financial and legal advisers to set your affairs in order.

Healthcare Planning

As the disease advances, you may not be able to make assessments about treatment and other healthcare issues. It is important to make your wishes known to your family and doctor early. In addition, choose a healthcare proxy (someone you trust to make health decisions for you when you are unable to do so yourself) and/or complete a living will.

Day-to-Day Care

A study found that cognitive function and brain efficiency may be improved by simple lifestyle changes such as:

Researchers hypothesize that such improvements may delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps even lower the risk of developing the disease. Talk to your doctor about how you can incorporate these changes into your routine.

As the disease progresses, though, your moods, capabilities, and behavior will change. That is why it is important for you to make make arrangements for daily care, learn how to adapt your home environment for safety, and research available community services. These steps, when done early, will help make the transition smoother for you and your caregiver Healthcare Providers and Facilities

Although healthcare facilities may not be needed immediately, it is important to research your options. This way, you or your caregiver can find a place that matches your philosophy of care, location, and financial capacity.

Managing Alzheimer’s Symptoms and Behavior

As the disease progress, your abilities will decline, leaving you unable to address a number of issues on your own. Thus, the following general guidelines are directed toward families and caregivers. Create a Calm Environment

People with Alzheimer’s disease may become agitated and disoriented as the condition worsens. Therefore, keeping the home environment consistent, quiet, and restful is important in preventing and alleviating possible triggers of agitation. Some methods to create a calm environment include:

  • Develop a daily routine
  • Keeping noise levels to a minimum
  • Maintaining consistent placement of furniture and familiar objects
  • Providing a well-lit environment during the day
  • Providing orientation cues in and around the house (clocks, calendars, phone list with names, appointment diary, meal schedule)
  • Limiting caffeine intake
  • Providing opportunity for exercise
  • Developing soothing rituals
  • Encouraging close family and friends to visit

Adapt Home Environment for Safety

It will be very important to adapt the home for personal safety to prevent injury to a person with Alzheimer’s disease. There are many organizations that can provide detailed information on how the home may be adapted. Home safety changes include:

  • Installing locks on cabinets containing medicines, alcohol, guns, or toxic substances
  • Removing electrical appliances from the bathroom to prevent shocks
  • Installing grab rails to avoid falls
  • Removing throw rugs to prevent falls
  • Setting water temperature to 120°F or lower to avoid scalding
  • Ensuring proper lighting

Monitor Personal Comfort

People with advanced stages of the disease will not be able to take care of their own hygiene and personal comfort needs. Caregivers will need to frequently monitor:

  • Hunger and thirst
  • Emotional state (especially looking for signs of depression)
  • Constipation
  • Full bladder
  • Fatigue
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • Immobility
  • Skin irritation

Use Memory Aids

Memory aids may be very useful in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and may allow a person with Alzheimer’s disease to remain independent longer. Some examples include:

  • Writing out a list of the day’s activities
  • Posting instructions on how to do simple tasks, such as using the telephone
  • Writing out important phone numbers, and keeping them in one or more familiar places
  • Writing out the address and directions to the home and keeping them in a wallet at all times
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Alzheimer's patients could be helped by two key actions: mental stimulation and stress reduction. Mental stimulation can be achieved by "exercising" the mind using puzzles, games and computer programs that stimulate mental cognition, reasoning and logic.

Meditation can provide stress-reducing effects that may help to prevent or delay the progression of Alzheimer's. Other stress-reduction methods include Tai-Chi and yoga.

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  1. Ballard CG, O'Brien JT, Reichelt K, et al. Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:553-558.
  1. Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, et al. Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17:305-308.
  1. Snow LA, Hovanec L, Brandt J. A Controlled trial of aromatherapy for agitation in nursing home patients with dementia. J Altern Complement Med. 2004;10:431-437.
  1. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:863-866.
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Aromatherapy is used to alleviate the agitation seen in Alzheimer's patients. Lavender oil and Lemon Balm have been studied in clinical studies. As is true in Aromatherapy, these essential oils's fragrance can be transmitted via inhalation or through application on the skin.

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Lavender oil used purely as aromatherapy (treatment involving inhaling essential oils) has been advocated for reducing agitation in people with dementia 52 ; however, people with dementia tend to lose their sense of smell, making this approach seem somewhat unlikely to work.69

Topical use of essential oil of the herb lemon balm has also shown promise for reducing agitation in people with Alzheimer's disease51 ; the researchers who tested it considered their method aromatherapy because the fragrance wafts up from the skin, but essential oils are also absorbed through the skin and this mechanism of action seems more plausible. Oral use of lemon balm extract has also shown promise.70

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There are a number of herbs that have been studied in the treatment of Alzheimer's symptoms. Ginkgo Biloba has been studied and shown some positive impact in patients with mild Alzheimer's. Other herbal treatments have some impact on symptoms such as decline in mental cognition, memory and daily functioning. Its important to note that certain herbs have to undergo significant chemical processes to reach their over the counter forms. These herbal remedies are categorized as medication in Europe.

... (more)

There are a number of herbs that have been studied in the treatment of Alzheimer's symptoms. Ginkgo Biloba has been studied and shown some positive impact in patients with mild Alzheimer's. Other herbal treatments have some impact on symptoms such as decline in mental cognition, memory and daily functioning. Its important to note that certain herbs have to undergo significant chemical processes to reach their over the counter forms. These herbal remedies are categorized as medication in Europe.

... (more)